Inner Limits

Projective limits via inner premeasures and the true Wiener measure

The paper continues the author’s work in measure and integration, which is an attempt at unified systematization. It establishes projective limit theorems of the Prokhorov and Kolmogorov types in terms of inner premeasures. Then it specializes to obtain the (one-dimensional) Wiener measure on the space of real-valued functions on the positive halfline as a probability measure defined on an imme...

Generalized Covering Groups and Direct Limits

Limits in modified categories of interest

‎We firstly prove the completeness of the category of crossed modules in a modified category of interest‎. ‎Afterwards‎, ‎we define pullback crossed modules and pullback cat objects that are both obtained by pullback diagrams with extra structures on certain arrows‎. ‎These constructions unify many corresponding results for the cases of groups‎, ‎commutative algebras and can also be adapted to ...

Apical membrane limits urea permeation across the rat inner medullary collecting duct.

UNLABELLED Urea diffuses across the terminal inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) via a facilitated transport pathway. To examine the mechanism of transcellular urea transport, membrane-apparent urea (Purea) and osmotic water (Pf) permeabilities of IMCD cells were measured by quantitative light microscopy in isolated IMCD-2 tubules perfused in the absence of vasopressin. Basolateral membrane ...

Grazing limits natural biological controls of woody encroachment in Inner Mongolia Steppe

Woody encroachment in grasslands has become increasingly problematic globally. Grazing by domestic animals can facilitate woody encroachment by reducing competition from herbaceous plants and fire frequency. Herbivorous insects and parasitic plants can each exert forces that result in the natural biological control of encroaching woody plants through reducing seeding of their host woody plants....